kostel Narození Panny Marie v Želivi Monastery church
The Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Želiv is a prominent historical monument located within the former Premonstratensian monastery grounds. Founded in 1139 by Bishop Otto and Duke Soběslav I, it has undergone significant transformations over centuries. The most notable change occurred during a late Baroque reconstruction led by Jan Blažej Santini-Aichel between 1714 and 1720. In 2010, both the church and monastery were recognized as national cultural monuments of the Czech Republic.
The monument's origins date back to the early 12th century when Bohemia experienced significant ecclesiastical and political developments under Duke Soběslav I. The foundation by Bishop Otto and Duke Soběslav I in 1139 marked a period of increased monastic activity and church building, reflecting broader European trends in religious reform.
Architecturally, the Church has seen several transformations since its inception as a Romanesque structure. It later adopted Gothic style during the late Middle Ages. The most significant change occurred between 1714 and 1720 when Jan Blažej Santini-Aichel reconstructed it in the late Baroque style after a devastating fire in 1712.
Ownership of this monument has shifted over time, reflecting its turbulent history. Initially managed by Premonstratensian Canons from 1139, it was later taken by Trčkové z Lípy after the Hussite Wars until 1623. In 1623, Strahov Monastery acquired the site when Abbot Kašpar z Questenberka purchased it for 18,000 gold coins.
Key historical events have shaped the church's narrative. Its foundation by Bishop Otto and Duke Soběslav I in 1139 set its ecclesiastical course. A pivotal moment occurred in 1714 when reconstruction began under Jan Blažej Santini-Aichel after a fire had destroyed much of the structure, marking the transition to its present-day architectural style.
Today, the Church stands as a testament to centuries of history and resilience. Visitors can explore this site within the picturesque landscape of rolling hills typical of the Vysočina region. Its rich historical tapestry and architectural beauty make it an essential destination for those interested in Czech cultural heritage.
The Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Želiv offers a unique glimpse into the past, showcasing the evolution of ecclesiastical architecture and the enduring legacy of its founders. Its recognition as a national cultural monument underscores its importance, inviting visitors to appreciate its historical significance and architectural splendor.
Then and now
Drag the slider to compare how the landmark may have looked when it was built with the view today.
The historical appearance on the left is an AI-generated visualisation and serves as inspiration only.
Historical milestones
- 1139
- Foundation of the monastery and church by Bishop Otto and Duke Soběslav I.
- 1714
- Reconstruction of the church in late Baroque style began under architect Jan Blažej Santini-Aichel.
Architectural development
The Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary has undergone significant architectural changes since its foundation. Initially built as a Romanesque structure, it was transformed into Gothic style in the late Middle Ages. The most notable reconstruction occurred between 1714 and 1720 when Jan Blažej Santini-Aichel redesigned it in a late Baroque style following a devastating fire.
Historical events
- 1139
- Foundation of the monastery and church by Bishop Otto and Duke Soběslav I.
- 1714
- Reconstruction of the church in late Baroque style began under architect Jan Blažej Santini-Aichel.
Points of interest
- Despite its current Baroque appearance, the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Želiv originally had a Romanesque design, reflecting early 12th-century architectural trends before evolving into Gothic and then Baroque styles.
- The church's reconstruction by Jan Blažej Santini-Aichel was not only a response to a devastating fire but also an opportunity for him to experiment with innovative architectural designs that blended Gothic elements with Baroque flair.
- Before becoming part of the Strahov Monastery, Želiv was in the hands of the Trčkové z Lípy family after the Hussite Wars, highlighting the turbulent political shifts and ownership changes common in medieval Bohemia.
- The purchase of Želiv by Abbot Kašpar z Questenberka for 18,000 gold coins in 1623 illustrates the significant economic power wielded by religious institutions during this period, as they could acquire entire estates with considerable sums.
- One lesser-known fact is that the church's foundation was part of a broader movement led by Bishop Otto and Duke Soběslav I to increase monastic activity across Bohemia, aligning with wider European trends in ecclesiastical reform and expansion.
Guide
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The Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary is part of the monastery complex in Želivi. Together with the monastery, it was declared a national cultural monument in 2010. Its present appearance dates from a reconstruction between 1714 and 1720, which was designed by Jan Blažej Santini-Aichel in the style of Gothic Baroque.
The monastery with the church was founded in 1139 by the Prague bishop Ota together with the prince Soběslav and his wife Adléta. At first, Benedictine monks from Sázava lived there. After a few decades they left and were replaced by Premonstratensians from Steinfeld led by abbot Gotschalck. The monastery then flourished and in 1375 was rebuilt in Gothic style. The prosperity ended with the Hussite Wars, during which the monastery was plundered twice. Afterwards it was acquired by the Trčkové of Lípa. It was returned to the Premonstratensians only in 1623, when the Strahov abbot Kašpar of Questenberg purchased it for 18,000 gold coins.
Construction work began immediately after. An unknown builder, referred to as a Walloon master, built a new nave. In 1630 the church was consecrated by Cardinal Arnošt Harrach. This was followed by the foundations of a new convent, new organs, altars and other furnishings.
A turning point came in 1712. In April a fire broke out, which was quickly extinguished. But on the sixteenth of June, due to the cook's fault, another fire started and this one destroyed the convent and the three-aisled church. Only the sacristy and the chancel, which was provisionally closed off by a thin wall, remained.
The convent was restored by the builder Antonín Scotti. To restore the three-aisled nave, the abbot Jeroným Hlína, on the advice of the Sedlec abbot Bonifác Blahna, approached Santini. The decision to restore the church in Gothic forms and Hlína's knowledge of the Sedlec cathedral may have played a role. We know the course of construction from the abbot's calendar notes. Santini first arrived in April 1714, in June he brought the plans and was paid 125 gold coins for them. Construction proceeded quickly. Already on November 22nd of that year a cross with relics of saints was placed on top of the roof.
In 1715 work was done on the vault. In July the abbot blessed the foundation stones of the first tower and in October work began on the second one. The year 1716 was then devoted to completing the vault of the three-aisled nave and the consecration of the bells.
Tips for visitors
The best time to visit the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Želiv is during late spring or early autumn, when the weather is pleasant, and the rolling hills surrounding the area are lush with greenery. This period offers a serene atmosphere for exploring the historical site and enjoying the picturesque landscape. Additionally, visiting outside of peak tourist seasons can provide a more tranquil experience, allowing you to appreciate the architectural beauty without large crowds.
Public transport is also a viable option, with buses connecting major towns in the Vysočina region to Želiv. For the most current transportation schedules and routes, consult an online travel planner or contact local tourist information centers.
When visiting the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, it's recommended to bring comfortable walking shoes as you'll likely explore both the church grounds and surrounding historical remnants of the monastery complex. Weather-appropriate clothing is also advisable, especially if planning to spend time outdoors in the area's natural landscape. A camera or smartphone with a good camera can help capture the stunning views and architectural details, while a water bottle will keep you hydrated during your visit.
Photography enthusiasts will find several spots around the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary that offer excellent lighting and picturesque backdrops, especially during the golden hours of early morning or late afternoon. The church itself provides beautiful interior shots with its historical architecture, while the surrounding hills and remnants of the monastery complex make for stunning exterior photography.
For families visiting Želiv, there are several activities that can enrich your experience. The nearby remnants of the former Premonstratensian monastery offer a glimpse into the area’s rich history and provide an educational opportunity for children interested in medieval architecture and monastic life. Additionally, exploring the rolling hills around Želiv can be both fun and relaxing, with opportunities for picnics or gentle hikes suitable for all ages. Remember to check if there are any family-friendly events or guided tours available during your visit.
Frequently asked questions
Can the monument be visited?
Religious buildings are usually open mainly during services; at other times a visit is normally arranged with the parish or the operator. We have not verified specific times.
Where is the monument?
Location: č.p. 1, Želiv, Kraj Vysočina. The map on this page shows the exact spot.
Why is the monument protected?
It is listed in the Central List of Cultural Monuments of the Czech Republic as a national cultural monument (register no. 368). It is protected as part of a larger listed ensemble.
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Nearby
Želiv is located within a picturesque landscape of rolling hills typical of the Vysočina region. The area features several other historical sites, including remnants of the former monastery complex.
Accommodation nearby
Themed route
Thematic Walking Tour: The Želiv Monastery Complex
1. Kostel Narození Panny Marie v Želivi (Monastic Church) - Begin your journey at the heart of the Želiv Monastery complex, the Kostel Narození Panny Marie. This stunning Gothic church is renowned for its architectural beauty and historical significance as a former Cistercian monastery church. The church's interior features exquisite frescoes and intricate stonework that reflect centuries of religious artistry.
2. Remains of the Monastery Complex (Historical Ruins) - A short walk from the church, explore the remnants of the former monastic buildings. These ruins offer a glimpse into the past life of the monastery, showcasing the scale and grandeur of what once was one of the most important Cistercian abbeys in the region. The site provides an evocative atmosphere for reflection on medieval monastic life.
3. Monastery Garden (Historical Garden) - Adjacent to the ruins, visit the Monastery Garden. This serene space offers a peaceful retreat amidst nature and history. The garden's layout reflects its historical roots, providing visitors with an opportunity to appreciate how monastic communities harmonized their spiritual practices with the natural world.
4. Monastery Chapel (Chapel) - Conclude your tour at the Monastery Chapel, a smaller yet equally significant structure within the complex. The chapel is known for its intimate setting and beautiful acoustics, making it an ideal spot to reflect on the spiritual heritage of Želiv. Its simple elegance offers a perfect endnote to your exploration of this historic site.
This thematic tour through the Želiv Monastery Complex provides a comprehensive experience of its historical and cultural significance, allowing visitors to immerse themselves in the rich tapestry of medieval monastic life.
Seasonal recommendations
Spring: Visiting the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Želiv during spring offers a unique experience as nature awakens around this historic site. The blooming flowers and lush greenery create a vibrant backdrop, enhancing the church's serene atmosphere. As daylight lengthens, the natural light beautifully illuminates the intricate details of the architecture. Visitors should be prepared for occasional showers, so wearing layers is advisable. While the crowds are generally moderate, arriving early in the morning can provide a quieter experience to fully appreciate the tranquil setting.
Summer: Summer at the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Želiv is characterized by long days and warm weather, making it an ideal time for exploration. The lush surroundings are particularly inviting, with gardens full of life and color. This period often sees higher visitor numbers due to its appeal during school holidays, so planning a visit early in the day can help avoid crowds. Comfortable walking shoes and light clothing are recommended, along with sun protection such as hats or sunscreen, to ensure an enjoyable experience.
Autumn: The autumn season brings a stunning display of colors to the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Želiv, with vibrant reds, oranges, and yellows adorning the landscape. This picturesque setting offers a magical atmosphere perfect for photography enthusiasts. As temperatures begin to cool, layers are advisable to stay comfortable during your visit. The visitor numbers tend to decrease compared to summer, allowing for a more relaxed exploration of the site's historic charm.
Winter: Winter transforms the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Želiv into a serene and peaceful retreat, often covered in a blanket of snow that enhances its architectural beauty. The shorter days mean earlier closures, so visitors should plan their visit accordingly to make the most of daylight hours. Wearing warm clothing is essential to enjoy the site comfortably during this cooler season. Although fewer people visit during winter, it provides an opportunity for a more intimate experience with the historic surroundings.
Visualizations and artistic views
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Photos from the area
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Sources and literature
Photos: Hakjosef / CC BY 3.0 — Wikimedia Commons. The author and licence also appear when you hover over the image.
Faktickým podkladem tohoto textu byl článek na Wikipedii, jehož autory jsou přispěvatelé Wikipedie. Článek je dostupný pod licencí CC BY-SA 4.0.
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