The pilgrimage site of Horní Police in the Liberec Region of Czechia is renowned for its Baroque architecture and spiritual significance. Originating from an 18th-century transformation, it features a prominent church dedicated to the Visitation of the Virgin Mary. Recognized as a national cultural monument since 2018, this site holds historical importance due to its association with Marian devotion and numerous pilgrimages dating back to the early 16th century.

The origins of Horní Police's pilgrimage site are steeped in legend and history. According to local lore, in 1523, a wooden statue of the Virgin Mary was discovered by the Ploučnice River after being cast out during the iconoclastic movements of the Reformation. This statue, known as "Mater Gravida" or "Těhotná Panna Maria," became central to the site's spiritual significance. The statue is unique for its depiction of the Virgin Mary in an advanced stage of pregnancy and is attributed with around sixty miracles despite being considered a less refined artistic work. Initially housed in a Gothic church documented as early as 1291, this Marian devotion led to the establishment of pilgrimage traditions that have persisted through centuries.

The Baroque transformation of Horní Police began in earnest in the late 17th century due to increasing numbers of pilgrims. The original small church built during the era of the Lords of Dubá was insufficient for the growing crowds. In response, it was demolished and replaced with a larger structure designed by architect Julius Broggio and completed by his son Octavio in 1723. This new complex included a three-nave church dedicated to the Visitation of the Virgin Mary, an unusual U-shaped sacristy, additional chapels, and other buildings. The site also features a rare double-decker gallery within the church, which is uncommon outside border regions.

Ownership and administration of the pilgrimage site have seen significant figures throughout its history. In 1682, approximately 4,000 pilgrims attended an event at Horní Police, prompting local farář Michael Gabriel Jantsch to seek assistance from hejtman Jan Jiří Hentych. Together, they approached Julius František, the Saxon Duke and owner of the Zákupy estate, which included Horní Police, for support in expanding the church. The Duke's approval led to the construction of a larger Baroque complex. In 1736, Pope Clement XII granted the local archdeacon the right to use pontifical insignia, elevating the site’s ecclesiastical status.

Key events at Horní Police include its transformation into an arciděkanství in 1723 and subsequent pilgrimages that attracted tens of thousands. In particular, a significant pilgrimage event on the feast day of the Visitation of Mary in 1724 drew around 35,000 visitors, with similar numbers recorded in following years. These events were marked by extensive celebrations lasting up to eight days, adhering to the old liturgical calendar.

Today, Horní Police remains an important spiritual and cultural destination. The site underwent significant reconstruction from 2019 to 2020, ensuring its preservation for future generations. This included updates to the church's structure and the installation of new organs with two manuals and a pedal, featuring seventeen registers. Visitors can explore not only the main church but also nearby historical sites such as a chapel built in 1722. The picturesque landscapes surrounding Horní Police add to its allure, making it a worthwhile destination for those interested in history, architecture, and spirituality.

Horní Police's pilgrimage site stands as a testament to centuries of religious devotion and architectural evolution. Its rich history and cultural significance continue to draw visitors from around the world. Whether you are drawn by spiritual curiosity or an appreciation for Baroque artistry, Horní Police offers a unique glimpse into the past while inviting reflection on its enduring legacy.