Starý Herštejn is a medieval castle ruin located in the Czech Forest within the Starý Herštejn nature reserve. Situated approximately sixteen kilometers southeast of Domažlice near Vranov u Pivoně, this site stands as a testament to its historical significance and architectural evolution from the mid-13th century. Recognized as a cultural monument of the Czech Republic, it offers insights into medieval fortifications and ecclesiastical defense strategies.

The origins of Starý Herštejn trace back to the mid-13th century, with evidence suggesting its foundation before 1266 by members of the German nobility rather than a ruling monarch. Its first documented mention in 1272 associates it with Protivce z Herštejna, though subsequent ownership and affiliations remain somewhat ambiguous between Starý and Nový Herštejn. By 1328, Oldřich z Leuchtenberka had acquired the castle, later selling it to Jindřich Bavorský for a thousand kop grošů—a sum not fully paid, leading to its eventual acquisition by King Jan Lucemburský. In 1331, the castle was sold to Jan IV. z Dražic, who administered it alongside Horšovský Týn, utilizing it as an ecclesiastical stronghold.

Architecturally, Starý Herštejn underwent several phases of development. The site features remnants of walls and moats that once protected its bailey, along with a partially preserved bergfried. Initially serving as a fortified stronghold, the castle's gatehouse was enhanced with a small forebuilding in later stages. Despite being destroyed during the Hussite Wars in 1510 by Zdeňek Lev’s army, recent restoration efforts have focused on stabilizing and preserving its remaining structures.

Ownership of Starý Herštejn shifted through various hands over the centuries. After Jan IV. z Dražic's administration, it was held as collateral by Petr Ebrzvín z Hradiště before being captured during the Hussite Wars in 1421 by forces from Domazlice. Bernard Ebrzvín later transferred ownership to Ctibor z Volfštejna, who eventually passed it on to Zdeňek z Drštky. By 1506, Zdeněk Dobrohost z Ronšperka acquired the castle, whose garrison became notorious for raiding merchants and travelers, leading to its destruction in 1510.

Today, Starý Herštejn stands as a significant historical monument, offering visitors a glimpse into medieval life and architecture. The site is accessible via a trail that leads to the ruins, providing panoramic views of the surrounding Czech Forest. Recent restoration efforts have included stabilizing the castle's remaining structures using a replica of a medieval crane, enhancing its appeal as both a historical site and a scenic viewpoint.

Starý Herštejn remains an important cultural landmark, reflecting the turbulent history and architectural ingenuity of medieval Bohemia. Its ruins invite exploration and appreciation for those interested in history, architecture, or simply enjoying the natural beauty of the Czech Forest. Visitors are encouraged to experience this remarkable site, where history and nature converge.