Trnovany Castle

Trnovany is part of the statutory city of Teplice in the district of Teplice, Ústecký kraj. This site is known for its long history, dating back to 1057, and for the industrial development of the region, especially in the production of luxury ceramics.

The oldest written mention of the village comes from a transcript of a memorial record from around 1057, which documents the gift of a lithomeric chapter. The record shows arable land in Trnovany and a beekeeper named Těšek, the oldest documented figure on later Teplice. For a long time there was an agricultural village with settlements focused around the village, located on the site of today's street at the Red Church. In the past he stood in the space between Trnovany and Teplicemi Prince Brewery.

Since the mid-19th century there has been a sharp change in the character of the village. The main factors of development were the availability of coal, the introduction of railways and free areas, which attracted large industries. Over 40 years, the population has increased tenfold. In 1876, Thuryn's entrepreneur Alfred Stellmacher founded the first ceramic factory. The establishment of the factory for luxury ceramics and porcelain Amphora Werke in 1892, built by Hans Rießner, Karl Rießner, Eduard Stellmacher and Rudolf Kessel.

The factory later went through changes in ownership and naming. In 1894 it was owned by Ernst Wahliss and his sons. Under the name Alexandra Porcelain Works the operation expanded and around 1900 employed 300 people with representatives in Vienna, Berlin and London. In 1910 the company was renamed Amphora-Werke Riessner. Here was the famous figure ceramics and serapis vases in Art Nouveau style, which were exported to the whole world. Production was nationalized in 1945 and in 1952 the objects turned into a coal warehouse. Another ceramic workshop was founded by the Znojemská firm Ditmar & Urban, which also produced goods for the American company Erphila.

The urban character of Trnovan has changed significantly over the years. The original building was gradually supplemented by schools and churches. A narrow-track tram track was passed through the city, connecting Dubí to Teplicemi. In the 1980s, most of the original building north of the Masaryk class was demolished for the construction of a panel estate. In 1973 Christ's church was destroyed, which was a rare Art Nouveau building from the Dresden architects Schillinga and Gräbnera. In the 1980s, the corner house of the Café Lipa at the Church of the Holy Heart was also removed.

Administrative developments include the promotion of Trnovan to the city in 1910. From 1921 to 1930 they belonged to the district of Teplice-Šanov, from 1947 they were part of the statutory city of Teplice. Significant events include the operation of the brown coal mine Elizabeth between 1932 and 1934, owned by Eliška Rendlová. Between 1938 and 1945, Trnovany was assigned to Nazi Germany as a result of the Munich Agreement. The location is associated with the names of personalities such as the politician Marie Švermová, the spiritual Jan Miřejovský or the politician Adolf Kořínek.

Today Trnovany is part of Teplice city infrastructure. The headquarters of the North Bohemian Water and Sewerage Company, McDonald's and Kaufland, Penny Market and Bill are located here.

Trnovany is an interesting example of transformation from the early medieval village through the globally recognized centre of the ceramic industry to the modern urban district. Visiting this place offers insight into the industrial history of Northern Bohemia.